German-language requirements depend mainly on the language of instruction and the university/programme—not simply on whether the university is public or private. Here is a table which will help you to understand.

German is not compulsory for every student who wants to study in Germany. The language requirement depends mainly on the language of instruction of your chosen degree programme. 

German-language programmes

If your programme is taught in German, you will generally need to prove German proficiency. DAAD states that most German-taught programmes require at least B2, although some programmes may require a higher level.

Commonly accepted qualifications can include: TestDaF, DSH, telc Deutsch C1 Hochschule, Goethe certificates and other certificates accepted by the particular university.  The exact level and accepted certificates vary by university and programme.

English-taught programmes

If you choose an English-taught bachelor's, master's or doctoral programme, German proficiency is generally not required for admission. Instead, you normally need to demonstrate English proficiency through a qualification such as IELTS or TOEFL, depending on the university. However, learning some German is still highly recommended for daily life, internships and employment, even if your degree is entirely in English. 

Studienkolleg?

This is an important exception for some international students. If you need to attend a Studienkolleg before university because your previous qualification does not provide direct university admission, the preparatory courses are taught in German. DAAD says applicants generally need B1–B2 German for admission to a Studienkolleg. The preparatory programme itself can develop students' German skills up to C1, according to DAAD.

For international students planning to study in Germany in 2026, several German-language exams are recognised for university admission.  However, the exact certificate and minimum level depend on the university and study programme. The main recognised options are:

Things to remember regarding levels of German level:

- Most universities ask for B2–C1 level proficiency (CEFR scale) for German-taught programs.

- If your program is taught in English, you may not need any of these — some universities only require basic German (A1/A2) for daily life, though this varies.

- Requirements differ by university and program, so it's worth checking the specific admission page of your target university.

Source

DAAD

Federal Employment Agency Germany

The Federal Government

Expatrio